Pathological features related to onco-immunity and their clinical significance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the tumor immunity-related pathologic features and clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: All pathologic materials and clinical information of 192 PDAC patients from the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from January 2010 to December 2020 were collected. The onco-immune microenvironment associated morphologic features were evaluated, and MHC-Ⅰ, PD-L1, CD3, and CD8 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then the correlation between the factors and their influence on prognosis was analyzed. Results: There were 163 cases of non-specific adenocarcinoma (163/192, 84.90%), 18 cases of adeno-squamous carcinoma (18/192, 9.37%), and 11 cases of other rare subtypes (11/192, 5.73%). Perineural invasion was observed in 110 cases (110/192, 57.29%) and vascular invasion in 86 cases (86/192, 44.79%). There were 84 cases (84/182, 46.15%) with severe chronic inflammation. Tumor infiltrating immune cell numbers (TII-N) were increased in 52 cases (52/192, 27.08%). Lymphocytes and plasma cells were the main infiltrating immune cells in 60 cases (60/192, 31.25%), whereas in 34 cases (34/192, 17.71%) the tumors were mainly infiltrated by granulocytes, and 98 cases (98/192, 51.04%) showed mixed infiltration. CD3+T cells were deficient in 124 cases (124/192, 66.31%). CD8+T cells were deficient in 152 cases (152/192, 79.58%). MHC-Ⅰ expression was down-regulated in 156 cases (156/192, 81.25%), and PD-L1 was positive (CPS≥1) in 46 cases (46/192, 23.96%). Statistical analysis showed that TII-N was negatively correlated with vascular invasion (P=0.035), perineural invasion (P=0.002), stage (P=0.004) and long-term alcohol consumption (P=0.039). The type of immune cells correlated positively with chronic pancreatic inflammation (P=0.002), and negatively with tumor differentiation (P=0.024). CD8+T cells were positively correlated with CD3+T cells (P=0.032), MHC-Ⅰ expression (P<0.001) and PD-L1 expression (P=0.001), and negatively correlated with long-term smoking (P=0.016). Univariate analysis showed that histological nonspecific type (P=0.013) and TII-N (P<0.001) were the factors for good prognosis. Vascular invasion (P=0.032), perineural invasion (P=0.001), high stage (P=0.003) and long-term alcohol consumption (P=0.004) were adverse prognostic factors. COX multivariate risk analysis found that TII-N was an independent favorable factor for PDAC, while perineural invasion was an independent adverse risk factor. Conclusions: TII-N is an independent superior prognostic factor for PDAC, and significantly correlated with many factors; chronic alcohol consumption and smoking may inhibit onco-immunity in PDAC patients.

Research progress of long non-coding RNA in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma / 医学研究生学报

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) refers to a class of RNA molecules that are not capable of encoding a protein that is greater than 200 nucleotides in length. It is suggested that LncRNA plays a promoting or inhibiting role in regulating tumor growth, invasion and metastasis through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in China. Recurrence and metastasis of HCC after operation is the main cause of low survival rate. Therefore, systematically explore the mechanism of lncRNA that promotes or inhibits the invasion and metastasis of HCC, and contributes to the targeted therapy, prediction of recurrence and metastasis and prognosis of HCC. This article reviews the recent research on the mechanism of LncRNA and invasion and metastasis of HCC, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of HCC.

Expression and function of miR-194 in thymic epithelial cell with aging / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the expression and interaction between miR-194 and PTPN12 in the process of age-related atrophy of thymus for clarifying the regulatory mechanism in the process of this disease.Methods:C57BL/6 mouse were divided into 4 groups as 1 month,6 months,10 months and 19 months old and each group has 6 cases.Thymus tissue was removed and thymic stromal cells were isolated.And thymus epithelial cells were washed out by CD45 antibody and LS column after anesthesia.Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes of miR-194 and PTPN12 gene expression in thymus epithelial cells with aging.miR-194 and PTPN12 luciferase reporter vectors were transfected into HEK293 cells,and the auto fluorescence values were detected at 24 h and 48 h,respectively in vitro.Results:The expression level of miR-194 decreased (P<0.05),while the expression level of PTPN12 mRNA increased (P<0.05) as the age increased.And the correlation between miR-194 and PTPN12 mRNA expression was found to be negative(P<0.05).In vitro,luciferase reporter gene results show that miR-194 has a direct effect on the 3'UTR region of PTPN12 gene and had the highest binding efficiency in 48 h.Conclusion:PTPN12 is one of the target genes of miR-194,which is involved in the aging process of thymus and is an important factor regulating the function of thymic ep-ithelial cells.

Efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in relation to the gene polymorphisms of human leukocyte Fcgamma receptor III (CD16) in Chinese liver transplant patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Although the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) may lead to a significant reduction in recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and improve the survival of patients who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) for hepatitis B-related diseases, the recurrence of the disease still remains at a lower level. Different clinical curative effects were observed in patients with the same HBV-related diseases and the same therapy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the efficacy of HBIG is associated with FCGR3A gene polymorphisms in Chinese liver transplant patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Altogether 77 patients who had received liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related diseases with more than one-year survival after surgery were studied. The recurrence of HBV was characterized by the appearance of HBsAg in serum after the operation. The FCGR3A genotyping was performed using genomic DNA sequencing (ABI 3037). Single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide 559 was detected by Polyphred.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 77 patients, 14 were complicated with HBV recurrence post-transplant. The FCGR3A at nucleotide 559 TT was observed in 35 (45.5%) subjects, whereas TG in 31 (40.3%) and GG in 11 (14.3%). In the 559G carrier group (n = 42, 54.5%), the risk of HBV recurrence was 9.5%, and 1- and 2-year recurrence-free survival rates were 95.2% and 88.7%, respectively. In the 559G noncarrier group (n = 35, 45.5%), the risk of HBV recurrence was 28.6%, and 1- and 2-year recurrence-free survival rates were 74.3% and 69.3%, respectively. The risk of HBV recurrence and the recurrence-free survival rate were both statistically different between the 559G carrier and noncarrier groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A single nucleotide polymorphism (T/G) at position 559 of the FCGR3A gene was found in Chinese patients. The efficacy of HBIG in prophylaxis of HBV recurrence after LT is associated with the gene polymorphism, so detecting FCGR3A genotypes can be a clinical reference of the HBIG administration.</p>

Retransplantation for liver transplanter with poor graft function / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the experience of liver retransplantation for patients with poor graft function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 9 patients undergone liver retransplantation at our center from April 1993 to April 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. The main indications for liver retransplantation at our center were early hepatic artery thrombosis (2/9), early portal vein thrombosis (1/9), and biliary tract complication (6/9). Of the 9 patients received liver retransplantation with cadaveric allografts, 3 received classic orthotopic liver transplantation, and 6 piggyback liver transplantation. Roux-en-Y biliary tract reconstruction was performed in 6 patients, Donor spleen vein was used as a conduit between donor portal vein and recipient portal vein in 1, and donor spleen artery as a conduit between donor hepatic artery and recipient aorta in 1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No perioperative mortality occurred. Of them, 5 had no complications after the operation, 1 had stricture in anastomotic stoma of portal vein, and 3 died in 6 months after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Poor graft function due to biliary tract complications and vessel complications after primary liver transplantation are the chief indications of liver retransplantation. Liver retransplantation is the only suitable treatment of poor graft function.</p>

The prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review diagnosis and treatment experience of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after liver transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 96 patients receiving liver transplantation in our hospital from January 2001 to December 2002 were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CMV infection occurred in 19 patients, blood IE-E antigen of CMV and PP65 antigen of CMV was detected in all the patients with CMV infection, 8 patients with CMV-IgM positivity, 3 of them presented with dyspnea, 4 with fever and 2 with jaundice, 14 patients had no symptoms of CMV infection. IE-E antigen of CMV and PP65 antigen of CMV in blood of 18 patients became negative after treatment with ganciclovir, 1 patients died from interstitial pneumonitis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation is associated with many factors, the key point of CMV infection is prevention actively and early treatment after operation. The detection of blood antigen of CMV is necessary for early diagnosis and guiding treatment of CMV infection, ganciclovir is effective for treatment of CMV infection.</p>